FSTS 21CE0001 Itasca Bison Kill Site Image Archive

Northern Headwaters Region on Minnesota Map

Northern Headwaters Region

The Itasca Bison Kill Site
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Back to the Story

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The Itasca Bison Kill site is located near Lake Itasca in Clearwater County.
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Location of the Itasca Bison Kill site.

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View of the Itasca Bison Kill site.
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Main trench looking east from the base of the western slope, 1964.

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Horns and skull of Bison Occidentalis (lower), recovered from the bed of Nicollet Creek.
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The Itasca Bison Kill site.

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Bog excavations at the Itasca Bison Kill site.
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Hill excavations at the Itasca Bison Kill site.

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Transverse and longitudinal profiles of Nicollet Valley.
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Transverse profiles of Nicollet Valley.

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Longitudinal profiles of Nicollet Valley.

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Cores, bifaces, and projectile points from the bog and hill excavations.

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Large tools from the hill excavations. The lines enclose a worn area on the tool.

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Large tool (A) and hammerstone (B) from the hill excavations. The lines enclose a worn area on the tool.

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Knives from the Itasca Bison Kill site excavations. (D) and (G) were recovered from the hill, while the other knives were found during the bog excavations.

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(A) and (C) are choppers from the bog and (B) is a chopper recovered from the hill.

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Nicollet Valley, view to the north.
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Nicollet Valley, view to the south.

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Backhoe removing upper peat layer from the main trench, 1964.
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Main trench, view to the east from the base of the western slope, 1964.

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Main trench, view to the west, 1964. The terrace marks the top of the sandy copropelic marl.
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Main trench, view to the east from the base of the western slope, 1965.

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Profile of the west face of the transverse trench in the west end of the main trench.
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Profile of the east face of the transverse trench in the west end of the main trench.

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Knife found associated with small bone fragments in the west end of the main trench.
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Fragmented bison skull found in the west end of the main trench. Pollen evidence indicates that the skull has been redeposited from older sediments.

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Bison pelvis and sacrum from the north-south portion of the main trench. Wood below the bone concentration yielded C-14 dates ranging from 9690 to 8580 B.P.
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Bone concentration at the west end of the main trench.

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Bone concentration from the Trench No.2, in the center of the valley, 1964. Remains included horn, cores, mandibles, and ribs.
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Base of a side-notched projectile point excavated near the eastern margin of the valley, 1964.

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Partial dog cranium excavated from the eastern margin of the valley, 1964.
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Triangular side-notched point.

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Frontal view of a bison skull recovered in 1937.
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Abraded and mineralized bone fragments. Natural processes, including the weather and the organic material in the soil, can change the appearance and texture of bone.

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Cut bison scapula from the bone concentration in the west end of the main trench.
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Excavations of the hill, view to the southwest.

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Excavation unit on the hill. An anvil stone (foreground), large tool, and base of a corner-notched point were recovered from the unit.
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Bifacial artifact (e) and projectile point and fragments.

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Triangular side-notched points.
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Side and corner-notched point bases.